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Red jasper pendant2/12/2024 ![]() In the Yin Ruins of the Shang Dynasty (1600 to 1050 BC) in Anyang, Dushan Jade ornaments were unearthed in the tomb of the Shang kings. ![]() Dushan Jade (a rock composed largely of anorthite feldspar and zoisite) was being mined as early as 6000 BC. Main article: Chinese jade Jade pendant in the shape of a dragon, Western Han Dynasty (202 BC – 9 AD)ĭuring Neolithic times, the key known sources of nephrite jade in China for utilitarian and ceremonial jade items were the now-depleted deposits in the Ningshao area in the Yangtze River Delta ( Liangzhu culture 3400–2250 BC) and in an area of the Liaoning province and Inner Mongolia ( Hongshan culture 4700–2200 BC). History East Asia Prehistoric and historic China Nephrite is derived from lapis nephriticus, a Latin translation of the Spanish piedra de ijada. The English word jade is derived (via French l'ejade and Latin ilia 'flanks, kidney area') from the Spanish term piedra de ijada (first recorded in 1565) or 'loin stone', from its reputed efficacy in curing ailments of the loins and kidneys. The use of jade in Mesoamerica for symbolic and ideological ritual was influenced by its rarity and value among pre-Columbian Mesoamerican cultures, such as the Olmecs, the Maya, and other ancient civilizations of the Valley of Mexico. It is commonly used in Latin America, such as Mexico and Guatemala. Jade is well known for its ornamental use in East Asian, South Asian, and Southeast Asian art. ![]() In China, the name jadeite has been replaced with fei cui, the traditional Chinese name for this gem that was in use long before Damour created the name in 1863. As for jadeite, since this is a legitimate mineral species, its name should not be used for the pyroxene jade rock. This makes the name "nephrite" mineralogically correct for referring to the rock. Nephrite was depreciated by the International Mineralogical Association as a mineral species name in 1978 (replaced by tremolite). Both the amphibole jade (nephrite) and pyroxene jade are actually mineral aggregates (rocks) rather than mineral species and thus should not be described by mineral species names. However these names are mineralogically incorrect. Jadeite varies from white or near-colorless, through various shades of green (including an emerald green, termed 'imperial'), to lavender, yellow, orange, brown and black. Nephrite is typically green, although may be yellow, white or black. Jade is often referred to by either of two different silicate mineral names: nephrite (a silicate of calcium and magnesium in the amphibole group of minerals), or jadeite (a silicate of sodium and aluminum in the pyroxene group of minerals). Jade is an umbrella term for two different types of ornamental rocks used as jewelry, in jewelry or for ornaments. Intergrown grainy or fine fibrous aggregate
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